5.+Shaping

=SHAPING = = =  **Behavioral Shaping**: is the process by which you reinforce successive approximations of the targeted behavior. This can require many steps and improvement is rarely immediate. Progress can be measured.  **Successive Approximation:** Any intermediate behavior that is a required component of the targeted behavior. It is necessary to learn these small steps to perform the final.

=Advantages of Shaping = = = =Disadvantages of Shaping =
 * Positive Procedure
 * Can be used to teach new behaviors
 * The end goal is always in sight
 * Can be combined with other behavior change procedures
 * Time- Consuming
 * Often the progress is erratic
 * Needs to be done consistently and be closely monitored and moved forward as soon as a step is mastered.

**Guidelines for Shaping:**
 **1.** High priority behavior is identified and defined.  **2.** Criteria for mastery is specified  **3.** Identify the first behavior which should <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> **4.** Already occur at some minimum level. <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> **5.** Eliminate other sources of distraction during the session <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> **6.** Tech. should be prepared to go from step to step as the student's behavior dictates. <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> **7.** Be aware that the longer an approximation is reinforced it is harder to move to the next level. <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> **8.** When final shaped behavior is achieved it is necessary to continue to reinforce it or the behavior will be lost. <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> **9.** Link the behavior to others if possible.

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Operant conditioning in Goldfis~video
<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FsonPCR6EZg&feature=fvw

=<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">An Abused Mule Responds to Clicker Training = <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HCtrtbdXkVw

=<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Free Shaping : Roll Over = <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X8FUlwA7XkY

=<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">**Shaping Activity** = = =